1. Nayar, Baldevraj (2001). Globalization and Nationalism, Sage Publications, New Delhi, p. 50.
2. Bhukya, Bhangya (2008). The mapping of the Adivasi social: colonial anthropology and Adivasis. Economic and Political Weekly, September 27, p. 103.
3. Ibid, 105.
4. Parekh, Bhikhu (1991). ‘Nehru and the National Philosophy of India’, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 26, No. 1/2 (Jan. 5-12,) p. 35.
5. In Bikhu Parekh’s opinion, for Nehru ‘modernization’ was India’s national philosophy and involved seven ‘national goals’ namely, national unity, parliamentary democracy, industrialization, socialism, development of the scientific temper, secularism and non-alignment, see for further details Bhikhu Parekh (1991).
6. Nehru, Jawaharlal (1963) Jawaharlal Nehru’s Speeches: August 1949-February 1953, Volume Two, Publications Division, Ministry Of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India, P.578.
7. Rath, Govinda Chandra (Eds. 2006). Tribal Development in India: the Contemporary Debate, Sage Publications, New Delhi, 67.
8. See for more details G.S Ghurye (1943). The Aborgines-So called and Their Future, Pune, Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics.
9. Gavit, M.H and Attar Chand (1989). Nehru; Tribal and Women Welfare, New Delhi, H.K Publishers and Distributors, P. 140.
10. Rath (Eds. 2006). Ibid. 67.
11. Xaxa, Virginius (2016). ‘Tribes and Indian National Identity: Location of Exclusion and Marginality’, Brown Journal of World Affairs, Fall/Winter, Vol.23 (1), p. 231.
12. Karaka, D.F. (1947) I’ve Shed my Tears: A Candid View of Resurgent India,’ New York, pp. 1-100, as mentioned in Ramchandra Guha (2014) ‘Saving the Civilised: Verrier Elwin, His Tribals and India, New Delhi, Allen Lane, p.153.
13. Ibid, p.154.
14. Elwin, Varriere (1949) Dr Elvin’s Report on Tribal of Ganjam and Koraput, as Quoted in Rath (Eds. 2006), Ibid, 67.
15. Rath, Ibid, p.70
16. Nehru, Jawaharlal (1985). Letters to Chief Ministers, 1947-1964’, Vol-3, in G. Partha Sarathi (Eds), New Delhi: Government of India, p. 157-58.
17. Rustomji, Nari (Eds 2001). Verrier Elwin: Philonthropologist, New Delhi, Oxford University Press, p. 72.
18. Bhikhu Parekh (1991), p. 38.
19. Gavit and Chand (1989), P. 154.
20. Furer-Haimendorf ,Christoph Von (1977). ‘Tribal Problems in India’ in Romesh Thappar (Eds) Tribe, Caste and Religion in India, New Delhi, The Macmillan Company, p.2.
21. Bhangya Bhukya (2008), p.107.
22. See for example Varriere Elvin (1939) The Baiga, London; John Murray.
23. For Example criticizing Elwin’s approach as anti-national A.V. Thakkar pointed out that this isolationist way of looking at the tribal problem would keep the aboriginal populati0n way from the mainstream independence movement and would weaken national solidarity even after independence. Therefore he felt that safety lay in union not in isolation.
24. Elwin,Verrier (1977). ‘Issues in Tribal Policy Making’, in Romesh Thappar (Eds) Tribe, Caste and Religion in India, New Delhi, The Macmillan Company, p.30.
25. In Ghurye’s opinion, the individual property rights in land, creation of a land market, laws restricting the use of forest resource and exploitative excise policy were all British creation. The land lords, moneylenders and liquor contractors whom Elwin projected as perpetrators of tribal poverty took the led from these laws and exploited the tribes.
26. Ghurye, G.S (1943). The Aborgines-So called and Their Future, Pune, Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics.
27. See for detail M.N. Srinivas (1944) Review of the Aboriginals, Journal of the University of Bombay (History, Economics and Sociology), New Series, 12(4), January, pp. 91-94.
28. See for details Elvin, Varriere (1957). A Philosophy for NEFA, Director of Information, NEFA, Shillong.
29. Ibid,p.53.
30. The ‘Panchasheel’ as enunciated by Nehru are as follows:

31. (1) People should develop along the lines of their own genius and we should avoid imposing anything on them. We should try to encourage in every way their traditional art and culture.
    (2) Tribal rights in land and forests should be respected.
    (3) We should try to train and build up a team of their own people for the work of administration and development. Some technical personnel from outside will, no doubt be needed especially in the beginning. But we should avoid introducing too many outsidersa into tribal territory.
    (4) We should not over-administer these areas or overwhelm them with a multiplicity of schemes. We should rather work through and not in rivalry to their own social and cultural institutions.
    (5) We should judge results not by statistics or the amount of money spent but by the quality of human character that is evolved.

32. Verrier Elwin (1977), p.29.
33. Ibid, p.3.
34. Elwin,Verrier (1943). ‘The Agaria’, Bombay, Oxford University Press.
35. Gandhi glorified the village society, in his opinion the idea of village swaraj was, that it is a complete republic, independent of its neighbour for its vital wants.
36. See for details Nehru, Jawaharlal (1964) Speeches, September 1957-April 1963, Vol. III & IV, Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, GoI.
37. Xaxa, Virginius (2012) Tribes and Development: Retrospect and Prospect, in Dev Nathan and Virginius Xaxa (Eds) Social Exclusion and Adverse Inclusion: Development and Deprivation of Adivasis in India, New Delhi, Oxford University Press, p. 31.
38. Ibid, 32.
39. Dreaze, Jean and Amartya Sen (2002) “India Development and Participation”, New Delhi, Oxford University Press, p. 35.
40. Life of a person can be seen as sequences of things that person does… these constitutes the collection of functioning, then capability refers to the alternative combinations of functioning from which a person can choose.

JTICIVol.3,Issue 1, No.3, September 2015, pp.24 to 36